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336 lines
7.4 KiB
Plaintext
336 lines
7.4 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: First Effects
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layout: ../../layouts/MainLayout.astro
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---
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import { MiniRepl } from '../../docs/MiniRepl';
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import QA from '@components/QA';
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# First Effects
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import Box from '@components/Box.astro';
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We have sounds, we have notes, now let's look at effects!
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## Some basic effects
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**low-pass filter**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`note("<[c2 c3]*4 [bb1 bb2]*4 [f2 f3]*4 [eb2 eb3]*4>/2")
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.sound("sawtooth").lpf(800)`}
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/>
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<Box>
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lpf = **l**ow **p**ass **f**ilter
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- Change lpf to 200. Notice how it gets muffled. Think of it as standing in front of the club with the door closed 🚪.
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- Now let's open the door... change it to 5000. Notice how it gets brighter ✨🪩
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</Box>
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**pattern the filter**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`note("<[c2 c3]*4 [bb1 bb2]*4 [f2 f3]*4 [eb2 eb3]*4>/2")
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.sound("sawtooth").lpf("200 1000")`}
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/>
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<Box>
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- Try adding more values
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- Notice how the pattern in lpf does not change the overall rhythm
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We will learn how to automate with waves later...
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</Box>
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**vowel**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`note("<[c3,g3,e4] [bb2,f3,d4] [a2,f3,c4] [bb2,g3,eb4]>/2")
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.sound("sawtooth").vowel("<a e i o>/2")`}
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/>
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**gain**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`stack(
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sound("hh*8").gain("[.25 1]*2"),
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sound("bd*2,~ sd:1")
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) `}
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punchcard
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/>
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<Box>
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Rhythm is all about dynamics!
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- Remove `.gain(...)` and notice how flat it sounds.
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- Bring it back by undoing (ctrl+z)
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</Box>
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**stacks within stacks**
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Let's combine all of the above into a little tune:
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`stack(
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stack(
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sound("hh*8").gain("[.25 1]*2"),
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sound("bd*2,~ sd:1")
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),
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note("<[c2 c3]*4 [bb1 bb2]*4 [f2 f3]*4 [eb2 eb3]*4>/2")
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.sound("sawtooth").lpf("200 1000"),
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note("<[c3,g3,e4] [bb2,f3,d4] [a2,f3,c4] [bb2,g3,eb4]>/2")
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.sound("sawtooth").vowel("<a e i o>/2")
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) `}
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/>
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<Box>
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Try to identify the individual parts of the stacks, pay attention to where the commas are.
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The 3 parts (drums, bassline, chords) are exactly as earlier, just stacked together, separated by comma.
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</Box>
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**shape the sound with an adsr envelope**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`note("<c3 bb2 f3 eb3>")
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.sound("sawtooth").lpf(600)
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.attack(.1)
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.decay(.1)
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.sustain(.25)
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.release(.2)`}
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/>
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<Box>
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Try to find out what the numbers do.. Compare the following
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- attack: `.5` vs `0`
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- decay: `.5` vs `0`
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- sustain: `1` vs `.25` vs `0`
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- release: `0` vs `.5` vs `1`
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Can you guess what they do?
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</Box>
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<QA q="Click to see solution" client:visible>
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- attack: time it takes to fade in
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- decay: time it takes to fade to sustain
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- sustain: level after decay
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- release: time it takes to fade out after note is finished
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</QA>
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**adsr short notation**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`note("<c3 bb2 f3 eb3>")
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.sound("sawtooth").lpf(600)
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.adsr(".1:.1:.5:.2")
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`}
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/>
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**delay**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`stack(
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note("~ [<[d3,a3,f4]!2 [d3,bb3,g4]!2> ~]")
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.sound("gm_electric_guitar_muted"),
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sound("<bd rim>").bank("RolandTR707")
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).delay(".5")`}
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/>
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<Box>
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Try some `delay` values between 0 and 1. Btw, `.5` is short for `0.5`
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What happens if you use `.delay(".8:.125")` ? Can you guess what the second number does?
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What happens if you use `.delay(".8:.06:.8")` ? Can you guess what the third number does?
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</Box>
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<QA q="Lösung anzeigen" client:visible>
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`delay("a:b:c")`:
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- a: delay volume
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- b: delay time
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- c: feedback (smaller number = quicker fade)
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</QA>
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**room aka reverb**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`n("<4 [3@3 4] [<2 0> ~@16] ~>/2")
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.scale("D4:minor").sound("gm_accordion:2")
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.room(2)`}
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/>
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<Box>
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Try different values!
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Add a delay too!
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</Box>
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**little dub tune**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`stack(
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note("~ [<[d3,a3,f4]!2 [d3,bb3,g4]!2> ~]")
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.sound("gm_electric_guitar_muted").delay(.5),
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sound("<bd rim>").bank("RolandTR707").delay(.5),
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n("<4 [3@3 4] [<2 0> ~@16] ~>/2")
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.scale("D4:minor").sound("gm_accordion:2")
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.room(2).gain(.5)
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)`}
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/>
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Let's add a bass to make this complete:
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`stack(
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note("~ [<[d3,a3,f4]!2 [d3,bb3,g4]!2> ~]")
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.sound("gm_electric_guitar_muted").delay(.5),
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sound("<bd rim>").bank("RolandTR707").delay(.5),
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n("<4 [3@3 4] [<2 0> ~@16] ~>/2")
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.scale("D4:minor").sound("gm_accordion:2")
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.room(2).gain(.4),
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n("<0 [~ 0] 4 [3 2] [0 ~] [0 ~] <0 2> ~>*2")
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.scale("D2:minor")
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.sound("sawtooth,triangle").lpf(800)
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)`}
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/>
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<Box>
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Try adding `.hush()` at the end of one of the patterns in the stack...
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</Box>
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**pan**
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`sound("numbers:1 numbers:2 numbers:3 numbers:4")
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.pan("0 0.3 .6 1")
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.slow(2)`}
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/>
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**speed**
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<MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`sound("bd rim").speed("<1 2 -1 -2>").room(.2)`} />
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**fast and slow**
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We can use `fast` and `slow` to change the tempo of a pattern outside of Mini-Notation:
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<MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`sound("bd*2,~ rim").slow(2)`} />
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<Box>
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Change the `slow` value. Try replacing it with `fast`.
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What happens if you use a pattern like `.fast("<1 [2 4]>")`?
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</Box>
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By the way, inside Mini-Notation, `fast` is `*` and `slow` is `/`.
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<MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`sound("[bd*2,~ rim]*<1 [2 4]>")`} />
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## automation with signals
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Instead of changing values stepwise, we can also control them with signals:
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<MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`sound("hh*16").gain(sine)`} punchcard punchcardLabels={false} />
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<Box>
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The basic waveforms for signals are `sine`, `saw`, `square`, `tri` 🌊
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Try also random signals `rand` and `perlin`!
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The gain is visualized as transparency in the pianoroll.
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</Box>
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**setting a range**
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By default, waves oscillate between 0 to 1. We can change that with `range`:
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<MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`sound("hh*8").lpf(saw.range(500, 2000))`} />
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<Box>
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What happens if you flip the range values?
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</Box>
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We can change the automation speed with slow / fast:
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<MiniRepl
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hideHeader
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client:visible
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tune={`note("<[c2 c3]*4 [bb1 bb2]*4 [f2 f3]*4 [eb2 eb3]*4>/2")
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.sound("sawtooth")
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.lpf(sine.range(100, 2000).slow(8))`}
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/>
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<Box>
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The whole automation will now take 8 cycles to repeat.
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</Box>
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## Recap
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| name | example |
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| ----- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| lpf | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`note("c2 c3").s("sawtooth").lpf("<400 2000>")`} /> |
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| vowel | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`note("c3 eb3 g3").s("sawtooth").vowel("<a e i o>")`} /> |
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| gain | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`s("hh*8").gain("[.25 1]*2")`} /> |
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| delay | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`s("bd rim").delay(.5)`} /> |
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| room | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`s("bd rim").room(.5)`} /> |
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| pan | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`s("bd rim").pan("0 1")`} /> |
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| speed | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`s("bd rim").speed("<1 2 -1 -2>")`} /> |
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| range | <MiniRepl hideHeader client:visible tune={`s("hh*16").lpf(saw.range(200,4000))`} /> |
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Let us now take a look at some of Tidal's typical [pattern effects](/de/workshop/pattern-effects).
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