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tutorial tweaks:
- add drumset image - introduce angle brackets earlier
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Felix Roos
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website/public/img/drumset.png
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@ -145,37 +145,23 @@ We will see more ways to combine patterns later..
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## Longer Sequences
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**Divide sequences with `/` to slow them down**
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**Play one per cycle with `< ... >`**
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{/* [c2 bb1 f2 eb2] */}
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`note("[36 34 41 39]/4").sound("gm_acoustic_bass")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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The `/4` plays the sequence in brackets over 4 cycles (=4s).
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So each of the 4 notes is 1s long.
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Try adding more notes inside the brackets and notice how it gets faster.
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</Box>
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Because it is so common to just play one thing per cycle, you can..
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**Play one per cycle with \< \>**
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In the last section, we learned that `< ... >` (angle brackets) can be used to play only one thing per cycle,
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which is useful for longer melodies too:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`note("<36 34 41 39>").sound("gm_acoustic_bass")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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Try adding more notes inside the brackets and notice how it does **not** get faster.
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Try adding more notes inside the brackets and notice how the tempo stays the same.
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</Box>
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**Play one sequence per cycle**
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{/* <[c2 c3]*4 [bb1 bb2]*4 [f2 f3]*4 [eb2 eb3]*4> */}
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We can combine the 2 types of brackets in all sorts of different ways.
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Here is an example of a repetitive bassline:
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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@ -299,7 +285,6 @@ Let's recap what we've learned in this chapter:
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| Concept | Syntax | Example |
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| --------- | ------ | -------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Slow down | \/ | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`note("[c a f e]/2")`} /> |
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| Alternate | \<\> | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`note("c a f <e g>")`} /> |
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| Elongate | @ | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`note("c@3 e")`} /> |
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| Replicate | ! | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`note("c!3 e")`} /> |
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@ -78,11 +78,22 @@ By default, Strudel comes with a wide selection of drum sounds:
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These letter combinations stand for different parts of a drum set:
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<img src="/img/drumset.png" />
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<a class="text-right text-xs" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlagzeug#/media/Datei:Drum_set.svg" target="_blank">
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original image by Pbroks13
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</a>
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- `bd` = **b**ass **d**rum
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- `sd` = **s**nare **d**rum
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- `rim` = **rim**shot
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- `hh` = **h**i**h**at
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- `oh` = **o**pen **h**ihat
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- `lt` = **l**ow tom
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- `mt` = **m**iddle tom
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- `ht` = **h**igh tom
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- `rd` = **r**i**d**e cymbal
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- `rd` = **cr**ash cymbal
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Try out different drum sounds!
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@ -129,29 +140,56 @@ Try adding more sounds to the sequence!
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd bd hh bd rim bd hh bd")`} punchcard />
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The content of a sequence will be squished into what's called a cycle.
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The content of a sequence will be squished into what's called a cycle. A cycle is 2s long by default.
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**One way to change the tempo is using `cpm`**
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**One per cycle with `< .. >`**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd bd hh bd rim bd hh bd").cpm(40)`} punchcard />
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Here is the same sequence, but this time sourrounded with `< .. >` (angle brackets):
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("<bd bd hh bd rim bd hh bd>")`} punchcard />
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This will play only one sound per cycle. With these brackets, the tempo doesn't change when we add or remove elements!
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Because this is now very slow, we can speed it up again like this:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("<bd bd hh bd rim bd hh bd>*8")`} punchcard />
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Here, the `*8` means we make the whole thing 8 times faster.
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<Box>
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Wait a minute, isn't this the same as without `< ... >*8`? Why do we need it then?
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That's true, the real advantage of this notation is that the tempo won't change when you add or remove elements, try it!
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Try also changing the number at the end to change the tempo!
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</Box>
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**changing the tempo with cpm**
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You can change the overall tempo with `.cpm(...)`:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("<bd hh rim hh>*8").cpm(90/4)`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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cpm = cycles per minute
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By default, the tempo is 30 cycles per minute = 1 half cycle per second.
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By default, the tempo is 30 cycles per minute = 120/4 = 1 cycle every 2 seconds
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In more traditional terms, you could say the above are 8ths notes at 90bpm in 4/4 time.
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But don't worry if you don't know these terms, as they are not required to make music with Strudel.
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</Box>
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We will look at other ways to change the tempo later!
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**Add a rests in a sequence with '-' or '~'**
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**Add a rests in a sequence with '~'**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh ~ rim ~ bd hh rim")`} punchcard />
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh - rim - bd hh rim")`} punchcard />
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**Sub-Sequences with [brackets]**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [hh hh] sd [hh bd] bd ~ [hh sd] cp")`} punchcard />
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [hh hh] sd [hh bd] bd - [hh sd] cp")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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@ -163,7 +201,7 @@ Similar to the whole sequence, the content of a sub-sequence will be squished to
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**Multiplication: Speed things up**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh*2 rim hh*3 bd [~ hh*2] rim hh*2")`} punchcard />
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh*2 rim hh*3 bd [- hh*2] rim hh*2")`} punchcard />
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**Multiplication: Speed up subsequences**
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@ -195,7 +233,7 @@ You can go as deep as you want!
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You can use as many commas as you want:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh hh hh, bd bd, ~ casio")`} punchcard />
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh hh hh, bd bd, - casio")`} punchcard />
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Commas can also be used inside sub-sequences:
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@ -213,9 +251,9 @@ It is quite common that there are many ways to express the same idea.
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound(\`bd*2, ~ cp,
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~ ~ ~ oh, hh*4,
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[~ casio]*2\`)`}
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tune={`sound(\`bd*2, - cp,
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- - - oh, hh*4,
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[- casio]*2\`)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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@ -238,7 +276,7 @@ This is what we've leared so far:
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| ----------------- | -------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Sequence | space | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd bd sd hh")`} /> |
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| Sample Number | :x | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh:0 hh:1 hh:2 hh:3")`} /> |
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| Rests | ~ | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("metal ~ jazz jazz:1")`} /> |
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| Rests | - or ~ | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("metal - jazz jazz:1")`} /> |
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| Sub-Sequences | \[\] | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd wind [metal jazz] hh")`} /> |
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| Sub-Sub-Sequences | \[\[\]\] | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [metal [jazz [sd cp]]]")`} /> |
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| Speed up | \* | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd*2 cp*3")`} /> |
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@ -248,9 +286,9 @@ The Mini-Notation is usually used inside some function. These are the functions
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| Name | Description | Example |
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| ----- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| sound | plays the sound of the given name | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd [~ bd] sd")`} /> |
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| bank | selects the sound bank | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd [~ bd] sd").bank("RolandTR909")`} /> |
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| cpm | sets the tempo in cycles per minute | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd [~ bd] sd").cpm(45)`} /> |
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| sound | plays the sound of the given name | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd [- bd] sd")`} /> |
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| bank | selects the sound bank | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd [- bd] sd").bank("RolandTR909")`} /> |
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| cpm | sets the tempo in cycles per minute | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd [- bd] sd").cpm(45)`} /> |
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| n | select sample number | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`n("0 1 4 2 0 6 3 2").sound("jazz")`} /> |
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## Examples
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@ -266,7 +304,7 @@ The Mini-Notation is usually used inside some function. These are the functions
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**Classic house**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd*4, [~ cp]*2, [~ hh]*4").bank("RolandTR909")`} punchcard />
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd*4, [- cp]*2, [- hh]*4").bank("RolandTR909")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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@ -283,7 +321,7 @@ We Will Rock you
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound("bd sd, ~ ~ ~ hh ~ hh ~ ~, ~ perc ~ perc:1*2")
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tune={`sound("bd sd, - - - hh - hh - -, - perc - perc:1*2")
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.bank("RolandCompurhythm1000").cpm(120/2)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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@ -293,10 +331,10 @@ We Will Rock you
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound(\`
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[~ ~ oh ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ],
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[hh hh ~ ~ ] [hh ~ hh ~ ] [hh ~ hh ~ ] [hh ~ hh ~ ],
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[~ ~ ~ ~ ] [cp ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [cp ~ ~ ~ ],
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[bd ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ bd] [~ ~ bd ~ ] [~ ~ ~ bd]
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[- - oh - ] [- - - - ] [- - - - ] [- - - - ],
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[hh hh - - ] [hh - hh - ] [hh - hh - ] [hh - hh - ],
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[- - - - ] [cp - - - ] [- - - - ] [cp - - - ],
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[bd - - - ] [- - - bd] [- - bd - ] [- - - bd]
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\`).cpm(90/4)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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@ -306,10 +344,10 @@ We Will Rock you
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound(\`
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[~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ oh:1 ~ ],
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[hh hh hh hh] [hh hh hh hh] [hh hh hh hh] [hh hh ~ ~ ],
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[~ ~ ~ ~ ] [cp ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ cp ~ ~ ],
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[bd bd ~ ~ ] [~ ~ bd ~ ] [bd bd ~ bd ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ]
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[- - - - ] [- - - - ] [- - - - ] [- - oh:1 - ],
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[hh hh hh hh] [hh hh hh hh] [hh hh hh hh] [hh hh - - ],
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[- - - - ] [cp - - - ] [- - - - ] [~ cp - - ],
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[bd bd - - ] [- - bd - ] [bd bd - bd ] [- - - - ]
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\`).bank("RolandTR808").cpm(88/4)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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@ -319,9 +357,9 @@ We Will Rock you
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`s(\`jazz*2,
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insect [crow metal] ~ ~,
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~ space:4 ~ space:1,
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~ wind\`)
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insect [crow metal] - -,
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- space:4 - space:1,
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- wind\`)
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.cpm(100/2)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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