diff --git a/packages/core/controls.mjs b/packages/core/controls.mjs
index bbed050e..213839e1 100644
--- a/packages/core/controls.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/controls.mjs
@@ -7,26 +7,32 @@ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under th
 import { Pattern, register, sequence } from './pattern.mjs';
 
 export function createParam(names) {
-  const name = Array.isArray(names) ? names[0] : names;
+  let isMulti = Array.isArray(names);
+  names = !isMulti ? [names] : names;
+  const name = names[0];
 
-  var withVal;
-  if (Array.isArray(names)) {
-    withVal = (xs) => {
-      if (Array.isArray(xs)) {
-        const result = {};
-        xs.forEach((x, i) => {
-          if (i < names.length) {
-            result[names[i]] = x;
-          }
-        });
-        return result;
-      } else {
-        return { [name]: xs };
-      }
-    };
-  } else {
-    withVal = (x) => ({ [name]: x });
-  }
+  const withVal = (xs) => {
+    let bag;
+    // check if we have an object with an unnamed control (.value)
+    if (typeof xs === 'object' && xs.value !== undefined) {
+      bag = xs; // grab props that are already there
+      xs = xs.value; // grab the unnamed control for this one
+      delete bag.value;
+    }
+    if (isMulti && Array.isArray(xs)) {
+      const result = bag || {};
+      xs.forEach((x, i) => {
+        if (i < names.length) {
+          result[names[i]] = x;
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    } else if (bag) {
+      return { ...bag, [name]: xs };
+    } else {
+      return { [name]: xs };
+    }
+  };
 
   const func = (...pats) => sequence(...pats).withValue(withVal);
 
@@ -400,19 +406,6 @@ export const { loopEnd, loope } = registerControl('loopEnd', 'loope');
  * s("<bd sd>,hh*3").fast(2).crush("<16 8 7 6 5 4 3 2>")
  *
  */
-// TODO: currently duplicated with "native" legato
-// TODO: superdirt legato will do more: https://youtu.be/dQPmE1WaD1k?t=419
-/**
- * a pattern of numbers from 0 to 1. Skips the beginning of each sample, e.g. `0.25` to cut off the first quarter from each sample.
- *
- * @name legato
- * @param {number | Pattern} duration between 0 and 1, where 1 is the length of the whole hap time
- * @noAutocomplete
- * @example
- * "c4 eb4 g4 bb4".legato("<0.125 .25 .5 .75 1 2 4>")
- *
- */
-// ['legato'],
 // ['clhatdecay'],
 export const { crush } = registerControl('crush');
 /**
@@ -1307,7 +1300,7 @@ export const { roomsize, size, sz, rsize } = registerControl('roomsize', 'size',
  * s("bd sd [~ bd] sd,hh*8").shape("<0 .2 .4 .6 .8>")
  *
  */
-export const { shape } = registerControl('shape');
+export const { shape } = registerControl(['shape', 'shapevol']);
 /**
  * Wave shaping distortion. CAUTION: it can get loud.
  * Second option in optional array syntax (ex: ".9:.5") applies a postgain to the output.
@@ -1322,7 +1315,7 @@ export const { shape } = registerControl('shape');
  * note("d1!8").s("sine").penv(36).pdecay(.12).decay(.23).distort("8:.4")
  *
  */
-export const { distort, dist } = registerControl('distort', 'dist');
+export const { distort, dist } = registerControl(['distort', 'distortvol'], 'dist');
 /**
  * Dynamics Compressor. The params are `compressor("threshold:ratio:knee:attack:release")`
  * More info [here](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/DynamicsCompressorNode?retiredLocale=de#instance_properties)
@@ -1427,8 +1420,6 @@ export const { waveloss } = registerControl('waveloss');
  *
  */
 export const { density } = registerControl('density');
-// TODO: midi effects?
-export const { dur } = registerControl('dur');
 // ['modwheel'],
 export const { expression } = registerControl('expression');
 export const { sustainpedal } = registerControl('sustainpedal');
@@ -1492,16 +1483,27 @@ export const { val } = registerControl('val');
 export const { cps } = registerControl('cps');
 /**
  * Multiplies the duration with the given number. Also cuts samples off at the end if they exceed the duration.
- * In tidal, this would be done with legato, [which has a complicated history in strudel](https://github.com/tidalcycles/strudel/issues/111).
- * For now, if you're coming from tidal, just think clip = legato.
  *
  * @name clip
+ * @synonyms legato
  * @param {number | Pattern} factor >= 0
  * @example
  * note("c a f e").s("piano").clip("<.5 1 2>")
  *
  */
-export const { clip } = registerControl('clip');
+export const { clip, legato } = registerControl('clip', 'legato');
+
+/**
+ * Sets the duration of the event in cycles. Similar to clip / legato, it also cuts samples off at the end if they exceed the duration.
+ *
+ * @name duration
+ * @synonyms dur
+ * @param {number | Pattern} seconds >= 0
+ * @example
+ * note("c a f e").s("piano").dur("<.5 1 2>")
+ *
+ */
+export const { duration, dur } = registerControl('duration', 'dur');
 
 // ZZFX
 export const { zrand } = registerControl('zrand');
diff --git a/packages/core/draw.mjs b/packages/core/draw.mjs
index 7a9454f2..30de7ba8 100644
--- a/packages/core/draw.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/draw.mjs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ export class Drawer {
         this.lastFrame = phase;
         this.visibleHaps = (this.visibleHaps || [])
           // filter out haps that are too far in the past (think left edge of screen for pianoroll)
-          .filter((h) => h.whole?.end >= phase - lookbehind - lookahead)
+          .filter((h) => h.endClipped >= phase - lookbehind - lookahead)
           // add new haps with onset (think right edge bars scrolling in)
           .concat(haps.filter((h) => h.hasOnset()));
         const time = phase - lookahead;
diff --git a/packages/core/euclid.mjs b/packages/core/euclid.mjs
index 7a952cf8..ad0b0148 100644
--- a/packages/core/euclid.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/euclid.mjs
@@ -41,11 +41,17 @@ const _bjork = function (n, x) {
 };
 
 export const bjork = function (ons, steps) {
+  const inverted = ons < 0;
+  ons = Math.abs(ons);
   const offs = steps - ons;
   const x = Array(ons).fill([1]);
   const y = Array(offs).fill([0]);
   const result = _bjork([ons, offs], [x, y]);
-  return flatten(result[1][0]).concat(flatten(result[1][1]));
+  const p = flatten(result[1][0]).concat(flatten(result[1][1]));
+  if (inverted) {
+    return p.map((x) => (x === 0 ? 1 : 0));
+  }
+  return p;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/core/hap.mjs b/packages/core/hap.mjs
index 6a1eb987..ab5f0c97 100644
--- a/packages/core/hap.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/hap.mjs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ hap.mjs - <short description TODO>
 Copyright (C) 2022 Strudel contributors - see <https://github.com/tidalcycles/strudel/blob/main/packages/core/hap.mjs>
 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */
+import Fraction from './fraction.mjs';
 
 export class Hap {
   /*
@@ -32,7 +33,16 @@ export class Hap {
   }
 
   get duration() {
-    return this.whole.end.sub(this.whole.begin).mul(typeof this.value?.clip === 'number' ? this.value?.clip : 1);
+    let duration;
+    if (typeof this.value?.duration === 'number') {
+      duration = Fraction(this.value.duration);
+    } else {
+      duration = this.whole.end.sub(this.whole.begin);
+    }
+    if (typeof this.value?.clip === 'number') {
+      return duration.mul(this.value.clip);
+    }
+    return duration;
   }
 
   get endClipped() {
diff --git a/packages/core/logger.mjs b/packages/core/logger.mjs
index 16d38f91..e13bf86c 100644
--- a/packages/core/logger.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/logger.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
 export const logKey = 'strudel.log';
 
+let debounce = 1000,
+  lastMessage,
+  lastTime;
+
 export function logger(message, type, data = {}) {
+  let t = performance.now();
+  if (lastMessage === message && t - lastTime < debounce) {
+    return;
+  }
+  lastMessage = message;
+  lastTime = t;
   console.log(`%c${message}`, 'background-color: black;color:white;border-radius:15px');
   if (typeof document !== 'undefined' && typeof CustomEvent !== 'undefined') {
     document.dispatchEvent(
diff --git a/packages/core/pattern.mjs b/packages/core/pattern.mjs
index 3d859728..00f20adf 100644
--- a/packages/core/pattern.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/pattern.mjs
@@ -896,16 +896,15 @@ addToPrototype('weaveWith', function (t, ...funcs) {
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // compose matrix functions
 
-// TODO - adopt value.mjs fully..
+function _nonArrayObject(x) {
+  return !Array.isArray(x) && typeof x === 'object';
+}
 function _composeOp(a, b, func) {
-  function _nonFunctionObject(x) {
-    return x instanceof Object && !(x instanceof Function);
-  }
-  if (_nonFunctionObject(a) || _nonFunctionObject(b)) {
-    if (!_nonFunctionObject(a)) {
+  if (_nonArrayObject(a) || _nonArrayObject(b)) {
+    if (!_nonArrayObject(a)) {
       a = { value: a };
     }
-    if (!_nonFunctionObject(b)) {
+    if (!_nonArrayObject(b)) {
       b = { value: b };
     }
     return unionWithObj(a, b, func);
@@ -2203,12 +2202,6 @@ export const bypass = register('bypass', function (on, pat) {
  */
 export const ribbon = register('ribbon', (offset, cycles, pat) => pat.early(offset).restart(pure(1).slow(cycles)));
 
-// sets absolute duration of haps
-// TODO - fix
-export const duration = register('duration', function (value, pat) {
-  return pat.withHapSpan((span) => new TimeSpan(span.begin, span.begin.add(value)));
-});
-
 export const hsla = register('hsla', (h, s, l, a, pat) => {
   return pat.color(`hsla(${h}turn,${s * 100}%,${l * 100}%,${a})`);
 });
@@ -2241,21 +2234,6 @@ export const velocity = register('velocity', function (velocity, pat) {
   return pat.withContext((context) => ({ ...context, velocity: (context.velocity || 1) * velocity }));
 });
 
-/**
- *
- * Multiplies the hap duration with the given factor.
- * With samples, `clip` might be a better function to use ([more info](https://github.com/tidalcycles/strudel/pull/598))
- * @name legato
- * @memberof Pattern
- * @example
- * note("c3 eb3 g3 c4").legato("<.25 .5 1 2>")
- */
-// TODO - fix
-export const legato = register('legato', function (value, pat) {
-  value = Fraction(value);
-  return pat.withHapSpan((span) => new TimeSpan(span.begin, span.begin.add(span.end.sub(span.begin).mul(value))));
-});
-
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // Control-related functions, i.e. ones that manipulate patterns of
 // objects
diff --git a/packages/core/signal.mjs b/packages/core/signal.mjs
index c70805d8..7e9a9099 100644
--- a/packages/core/signal.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/signal.mjs
@@ -244,9 +244,68 @@ export const pickmodF = register('pickmodF', function (lookup, funcs, pat) {
   return pat.apply(pickmod(lookup, funcs));
 });
 
+/** * Similar to `pick`, but it applies an outerJoin instead of an innerJoin.
+ * @param {Pattern} pat
+ * @param {*} xs
+ * @returns {Pattern}
+ */
+export const pickOut = register('pickOut', function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, false).outerJoin();
+});
+
+/** * The same as `pickOut`, but if you pick a number greater than the size of the list,
+ * it wraps around, rather than sticking at the maximum value.
+ * @param {Pattern} pat
+ * @param {*} xs
+ * @returns {Pattern}
+ */
+export const pickmodOut = register('pickmodOut', function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, true).outerJoin();
+});
+
+/** * Similar to `pick`, but the choosen pattern is restarted when its index is triggered.
+ * @param {Pattern} pat
+ * @param {*} xs
+ * @returns {Pattern}
+ */
+export const pickRestart = register('pickRestart', function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, false).trigzeroJoin();
+});
+
+/** * The same as `pickRestart`, but if you pick a number greater than the size of the list,
+ * it wraps around, rather than sticking at the maximum value.
+ * @param {Pattern} pat
+ * @param {*} xs
+ * @returns {Pattern}
+ */
+export const pickmodRestart = register('pickmodRestart', function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, true).trigzeroJoin();
+});
+
+/** * Similar to `pick`, but the choosen pattern is reset when its index is triggered.
+ * @param {Pattern} pat
+ * @param {*} xs
+ * @returns {Pattern}
+ */
+export const pickReset = register('pickReset', function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, false).trigJoin();
+});
+
+/** * The same as `pickReset`, but if you pick a number greater than the size of the list,
+ * it wraps around, rather than sticking at the maximum value.
+ * @param {Pattern} pat
+ * @param {*} xs
+ * @returns {Pattern}
+ */
+export const pickmodReset = register('pickmodReset', function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, true).trigJoin();
+});
+
 /**
 /** * Picks patterns (or plain values) either from a list (by index) or a lookup table (by name).
  * Similar to `pick`, but cycles are squeezed into the target ('inhabited') pattern.
+ * @name inhabit
+ * @synonyms pickSqueeze
  * @param {Pattern} pat
  * @param {*} xs
  * @returns {Pattern}
@@ -257,21 +316,23 @@ export const pickmodF = register('pickmodF', function (lookup, funcs, pat) {
  * @example
  * s("a@2 [a b] a".inhabit({a: "bd(3,8)", b: "sd sd"})).slow(4)
  */
-export const inhabit = register('inhabit', function (lookup, pat) {
-  return _pick(lookup, pat, true).squeezeJoin();
+export const { inhabit, pickSqueeze } = register(['inhabit', 'pickSqueeze'], function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, false).squeezeJoin();
 });
 
 /** * The same as `inhabit`, but if you pick a number greater than the size of the list,
  * it wraps around, rather than sticking at the maximum value.
  * For example, if you pick the fifth pattern of a list of three, you'll get the
  * second one.
+ * @name inhabitmod
+ * @synonyms pickmodSqueeze
  * @param {Pattern} pat
  * @param {*} xs
  * @returns {Pattern}
  */
 
-export const inhabitmod = register('inhabit', function (lookup, pat) {
-  return _pick(lookup, pat, false).squeezeJoin();
+export const { inhabitmod, pickmodSqueeze } = register(['inhabitmod', 'pickmodSqueeze'], function (lookup, pat) {
+  return _pick(lookup, pat, true).squeezeJoin();
 });
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/core/test/controls.test.mjs b/packages/core/test/controls.test.mjs
index aa66bf98..69d63645 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/controls.test.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/test/controls.test.mjs
@@ -25,4 +25,8 @@ describe('controls', () => {
       { s: 'sd', n: 4, gain: 0.5 },
     ]);
   });
+  it('should support nested controls', () => {
+    expect(s(mini('bd').pan(1)).firstCycleValues).toEqual([{ s: 'bd', pan: 1 }]);
+    expect(s(mini('bd:1').pan(1)).firstCycleValues).toEqual([{ s: 'bd', n: 1, pan: 1 }]);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs b/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs
index e7d1dae3..85fccc97 100644
--- a/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs
+++ b/packages/superdough/sampler.mjs
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ export async function onTriggerSample(t, value, onended, bank, resolveUrl) {
     nudge = 0, // TODO: is this in seconds?
     cut,
     loop,
-    clip = undefined, // if 1, samples will be cut off when the hap ends
+    clip = undefined, // if set, samples will be cut off when the hap ends
     n = 0,
     note,
     speed = 1, // sample playback speed
diff --git a/packages/superdough/superdough.mjs b/packages/superdough/superdough.mjs
index f180f671..3f24d0bf 100644
--- a/packages/superdough/superdough.mjs
+++ b/packages/superdough/superdough.mjs
@@ -316,7 +316,9 @@ export const superdough = async (value, deadline, hapDuration) => {
     coarse,
     crush,
     shape,
+    shapevol = 1,
     distort,
+    distortvol = 1,
     pan,
     vowel,
     delay = 0,
@@ -458,14 +460,8 @@ export const superdough = async (value, deadline, hapDuration) => {
   // effects
   coarse !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'coarse-processor', { coarse }));
   crush !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'crush-processor', { crush }));
-  if (shape !== undefined) {
-    const input = Array.isArray(shape) ? { shape: shape[0], postgain: shape[1] } : { shape };
-    chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'shape-processor', input));
-  }
-  if (distort !== undefined) {
-    const input = Array.isArray(distort) ? { distort: distort[0], postgain: distort[1] } : { distort };
-    chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'distort-processor', input));
-  }
+  shape !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'shape-processor', { shape, postgain: shapevol }));
+  distort !== undefined && chain.push(getWorklet(ac, 'distort-processor', { distort, postgain: distortvol }));
 
   compressorThreshold !== undefined &&
     chain.push(
diff --git a/packages/tonal/tonal.mjs b/packages/tonal/tonal.mjs
index 48cfdb9f..78ec1101 100644
--- a/packages/tonal/tonal.mjs
+++ b/packages/tonal/tonal.mjs
@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ export const transpose = register('transpose', function (intervalOrSemitones, pa
       const semitones = typeof interval === 'string' ? Interval.semitones(interval) || 0 : interval;
       return hap.withValue(() => hap.value + semitones);
     }
+    if (typeof hap.value === 'object')
+      return hap.withValue(() => ({ ...hap.value, note: Note.simplify(Note.transpose(hap.value.note, interval)) }));
     // TODO: move simplify to player to preserve enharmonics
     // tone.js doesn't understand multiple sharps flats e.g. F##3 has to be turned into G3
     return hap.withValue(() => Note.simplify(Note.transpose(hap.value, interval)));
@@ -133,6 +135,11 @@ export const scaleTranspose = register('scaleTranspose', function (offset /* : n
     if (!hap.context.scale) {
       throw new Error('can only use scaleTranspose after .scale');
     }
+    if (typeof hap.value === 'object')
+      return hap.withValue(() => ({
+        ...hap.value,
+        note: scaleOffset(hap.context.scale, Number(offset), hap.value.note),
+      }));
     if (typeof hap.value !== 'string') {
       throw new Error('can only use scaleTranspose with notes');
     }
diff --git a/packages/webaudio/webaudio.mjs b/packages/webaudio/webaudio.mjs
index 19dbb804..a176d2cc 100644
--- a/packages/webaudio/webaudio.mjs
+++ b/packages/webaudio/webaudio.mjs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ const hap2value = (hap) => {
   return { ...hap.value, velocity: hap.context.velocity };
 };
 
-// TODO: bind logger
 export const webaudioOutputTrigger = (t, hap, ct, cps) => superdough(hap2value(hap), t - ct, hap.duration / cps, cps);
 export const webaudioOutput = (hap, deadline, hapDuration) => superdough(hap2value(hap), deadline, hapDuration);
 
diff --git a/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap b/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
index d6c0fe70..08335f1b 100644
--- a/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
+++ b/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
@@ -1971,55 +1971,55 @@ exports[`runs examples > example "distort" example index 0 1`] = `
   "[ 11/4 → 23/8 | s:hh distort:3 ]",
   "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | s:sd distort:3 ]",
   "[ 23/8 → 3/1 | s:hh distort:3 ]",
-  "[ 3/1 → 25/8 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | s:bd distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 25/8 → 13/4 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 13/4 → 27/8 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | s:sd distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 27/8 → 7/2 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 7/2 → 29/8 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | s:bd distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 15/4 → 31/8 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | s:sd distort:[10 0.5] ]",
-  "[ 31/8 → 4/1 | s:hh distort:[10 0.5] ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 25/8 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | s:bd distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 25/8 → 13/4 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 27/8 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | s:sd distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 27/8 → 7/2 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 29/8 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | s:bd distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 31/8 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | s:sd distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 31/8 → 4/1 | s:hh distort:10 distortvol:0.5 ]",
 ]
 `;
 
 exports[`runs examples > example "distort" example index 1 1`] = `
 [
-  "[ 0/1 → 1/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 1/8 → 1/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 1/4 → 3/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 3/8 → 1/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 1/2 → 5/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 5/8 → 3/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 3/4 → 7/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 7/8 → 1/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 1/1 → 9/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 9/8 → 5/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 5/4 → 11/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 11/8 → 3/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 3/2 → 13/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 13/8 → 7/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 7/4 → 15/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 15/8 → 2/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 2/1 → 17/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 17/8 → 9/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 9/4 → 19/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 19/8 → 5/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 5/2 → 21/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 21/8 → 11/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 11/4 → 23/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 23/8 → 3/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 3/1 → 25/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 25/8 → 13/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 13/4 → 27/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 27/8 → 7/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 7/2 → 29/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 15/4 → 31/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
-  "[ 31/8 → 4/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:[8 0.4] ]",
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/8 → 1/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/4 → 3/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/8 → 1/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 5/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 5/8 → 3/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/4 → 7/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 7/8 → 1/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 9/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 9/8 → 5/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 11/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 11/8 → 3/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 13/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 13/8 → 7/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 7/4 → 15/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 15/8 → 2/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 17/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 17/8 → 9/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 9/4 → 19/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 19/8 → 5/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 21/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 21/8 → 11/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 23/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 23/8 → 3/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 25/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 25/8 → 13/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 27/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 27/8 → 7/2 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 29/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 29/8 → 15/4 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 31/8 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 31/8 → 4/1 | note:d1 s:sine penv:36 pdecay:0.12 decay:0.23 distort:8 distortvol:0.4 ]",
 ]
 `;
 
@@ -2091,6 +2091,27 @@ exports[`runs examples > example "dry" example index 0 1`] = `
 ]
 `;
 
+exports[`runs examples > example "duration" example index 0 1`] = `
+[
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/4 | note:c s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 1/4 → 1/2 | note:a s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 3/4 | note:f s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 3/4 → 1/1 | note:e s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 5/4 | note:c s:piano duration:1 ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 3/2 | note:a s:piano duration:1 ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 7/4 | note:f s:piano duration:1 ]",
+  "[ 7/4 → 2/1 | note:e s:piano duration:1 ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 9/4 | note:c s:piano duration:2 ]",
+  "[ 9/4 → 5/2 | note:a s:piano duration:2 ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 11/4 | note:f s:piano duration:2 ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | note:e s:piano duration:2 ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | note:c s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | note:a s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 15/4 | note:f s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | note:e s:piano duration:0.5 ]",
+]
+`;
+
 exports[`runs examples > example "early" example index 0 1`] = `
 [
   "[ -1/10 ⇜ (0/1 → 2/5) | s:hh ]",
@@ -3611,48 +3632,6 @@ exports[`runs examples > example "layer" example index 0 1`] = `
 ]
 `;
 
-exports[`runs examples > example "legato" example index 0 1`] = `
-[
-  "[ 0/1 → 1/32 | c4 ]",
-  "[ 1/4 → 9/32 | eb4 ]",
-  "[ 1/2 → 17/32 | g4 ]",
-  "[ 3/4 → 25/32 | bb4 ]",
-  "[ 1/1 → 17/16 | c4 ]",
-  "[ 5/4 → 21/16 | eb4 ]",
-  "[ 3/2 → 25/16 | g4 ]",
-  "[ 7/4 → 29/16 | bb4 ]",
-  "[ 2/1 → 17/8 | c4 ]",
-  "[ 9/4 → 19/8 | eb4 ]",
-  "[ 5/2 → 21/8 | g4 ]",
-  "[ 11/4 → 23/8 | bb4 ]",
-  "[ 3/1 → 51/16 | c4 ]",
-  "[ 13/4 → 55/16 | eb4 ]",
-  "[ 7/2 → 59/16 | g4 ]",
-  "[ 15/4 → 63/16 | bb4 ]",
-]
-`;
-
-exports[`runs examples > example "legato" example index 0 2`] = `
-[
-  "[ 0/1 → 1/16 | note:c3 ]",
-  "[ 1/4 → 5/16 | note:eb3 ]",
-  "[ 1/2 → 9/16 | note:g3 ]",
-  "[ 3/4 → 13/16 | note:c4 ]",
-  "[ 1/1 → 9/8 | note:c3 ]",
-  "[ 5/4 → 11/8 | note:eb3 ]",
-  "[ 3/2 → 13/8 | note:g3 ]",
-  "[ 7/4 → 15/8 | note:c4 ]",
-  "[ 2/1 → 9/4 | note:c3 ]",
-  "[ 9/4 → 5/2 | note:eb3 ]",
-  "[ 5/2 → 11/4 | note:g3 ]",
-  "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | note:c4 ]",
-  "[ 3/1 → 7/2 | note:c3 ]",
-  "[ 13/4 → 15/4 | note:eb3 ]",
-  "[ 7/2 → 4/1 | note:g3 ]",
-  "[ 15/4 → 17/4 | note:c4 ]",
-]
-`;
-
 exports[`runs examples > example "leslie" example index 0 1`] = `
 [
   "[ 0/1 → 1/1 | n:0 s:supersquare leslie:0 ]",
diff --git a/website/src/pages/learn/time-modifiers.mdx b/website/src/pages/learn/time-modifiers.mdx
index e1226512..1baef9ea 100644
--- a/website/src/pages/learn/time-modifiers.mdx
+++ b/website/src/pages/learn/time-modifiers.mdx
@@ -34,11 +34,7 @@ Some of these have equivalent operators in the Mini Notation:
 
 <JsDoc client:idle name="Pattern.late" h={0} />
 
-## legato
-
-<JsDoc client:idle name="Pattern.legato" h={0} />
-
-## clip
+## clip / legato
 
 <JsDoc client:idle name="clip" h={0} />