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325 lines
8.5 KiB
Plaintext
325 lines
8.5 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: First Sounds
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layout: ../../layouts/MainLayout.astro
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---
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import { MiniRepl } from '@src/docs/MiniRepl';
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import Box from '@components/Box.astro';
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import QA from '@components/QA';
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# First Sounds
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This is the first chapter of the Strudel Workshop, nice to have you on board!
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## Code Fields
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The workshop is full of interactive code fields. Let's learn how to use those. Here is one:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("casio")`} dirt />
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<Box>
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1. ⬆️ click into the text field above ⬆️
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2. press `ctrl`+`enter` to play
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3. change `casio` to `metal`
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4. press `ctrl`+`enter` to update
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5. press `ctrl`+`.` to stop
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</Box>
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Congratulations, you are now live coding!
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## Sounds
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We have just played a sound with `sound` like this:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("casio")`} />
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<Box>
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`casio` is one of many standard sounds.
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Try out a few other sounds:
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```
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insect wind jazz metal east crow casio space numbers
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```
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You might hear a little pause while the sound is loading
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</Box>
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**Change Sample Number with :**
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One Sound can contain multiple samples (audio files).
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You can select the sample by appending `:` followed by a number to the name:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("casio:1")`} />
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<Box>
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Try different sound / sample number combinations.
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Not adding a number is like doing `:0`
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</Box>
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Now you know how to use different sounds.
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For now we'll stick to this little selection of sounds, but we'll find out how to load your own sounds later.
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## Drum Sounds
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By default, Strudel comes with a wide selection of drum sounds:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh sd oh")`} />
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<Box>
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These letter combinations stand for different parts of a drum set:
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- `bd` = **b**ass **d**rum
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- `sd` = **s**nare **d**rum
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- `rim` = **rim**shot
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- `hh` = **h**i**h**at
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- `oh` = **o**pen **h**ihat
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Try out different drum sounds!
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</Box>
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To change the sound character of our drums, we can use `bank` to change the drum machine:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh sd oh").bank("RolandTR909")`} />
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In this example `RolandTR909` is the name of the drum machine that we're using.
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It is a famous drum machine for house and techno beats.
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<Box>
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Try changing `RolandTR909` to one of
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- `AkaiLinn`
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- `RhythmAce`
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- `RolandTR808`
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- `RolandTR707`
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- `ViscoSpaceDrum`
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There are a lot more, but let's keep it simple for now
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🦥 Pro-Tip: Mark a name via double click. Then just copy and paste!
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</Box>
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## Sequences
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In the last example, we already saw that you can play multiple sounds in a sequence by separating them with a space:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh sd hh")`} punchcard />
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Notice how the currently playing sound is highlighted in the code and also visualized below.
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<Box>
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Try adding more sounds to the sequence!
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</Box>
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**The longer the sequence, the faster it runs**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd bd hh bd rim bd hh bd")`} punchcard />
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The content of a sequence will be squished into what's called a cycle.
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**One way to change the tempo is using `cpm`**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd bd hh bd rim bd hh bd").cpm(40)`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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cpm = cycles per minute
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By default, the tempo is 60 cycles per minute = 1 cycle per second.
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</Box>
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We will look at other ways to change the tempo later!
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**Add a rests in a sequence with '~'**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh ~ rim")`} punchcard />
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**Sub-Sequences with [brackets]**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [hh hh] sd [hh bd]")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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Try adding more sounds inside a bracket!
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</Box>
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Similar to the whole sequence, the content of a sub-sequence will be squished to its own length.
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**Multiplication: Speed things up**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh*2 rim hh*3")`} punchcard />
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**Multiplication: Speed up sequences**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [hh rim]*2")`} punchcard />
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**Multiplication: Speeeeeeeeed things up**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd hh*16 rim hh*8")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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Pitch = really fast rhythm
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</Box>
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**Sub-Sub-Sequences with [[brackets]]**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [[rim rim] hh]")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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You can go as deep as you want!
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</Box>
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**Play sequences in parallel with comma**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh hh hh, bd casio")`} punchcard />
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You can use as many commas as you want:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh hh hh, bd bd, ~ casio")`} punchcard />
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Commas can also be used inside sub-sequences:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh hh hh, bd [bd,casio]")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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Notice how the 2 above are the same?
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It is quite common that there are many ways to express the same idea.
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</Box>
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**Multiple Lines with backticks**
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound(\`bd*2, ~ cp,
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~ ~ ~ oh, hh*4,
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[~ casio]*2\`)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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**selecting sample numbers separately**
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Instead of using ":", we can also use the `n` function to select sample numbers:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`n("0 1 [4 2] 3*2").sound("jazz")`} punchcard />
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This is shorter and more readable than:
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("jazz:0 jazz:1 [jazz:4 jazz:2] jazz:3*2")`} punchcard />
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## Recap
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Now we've learned the basics of the so called Mini-Notation, the rhythm language of Tidal.
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This is what we've leared so far:
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| Concept | Syntax | Example |
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| ----------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Sequence | space | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd bd sd hh")`} /> |
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| Sample Number | :x | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("hh:0 hh:1 hh:2 hh:3")`} /> |
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| Rests | ~ | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("metal ~ jazz jazz:1")`} /> |
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| Sub-Sequences | \[\] | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd wind [metal jazz] hh")`} /> |
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| Sub-Sub-Sequences | \[\[\]\] | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd [metal [jazz sd]]")`} /> |
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| Speed up | \* | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd*2 cp*3")`} /> |
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| Parallel | , | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd*2, hh*2 [hh oh]")`} /> |
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The Mini-Notation is usually used inside some function. These are the functions we've seen so far:
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| Name | Description | Example |
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| ----- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| sound | plays the sound of the given name | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd")`} /> |
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| bank | selects the sound bank | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd").bank("RolandTR909")`} /> |
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| cpm | sets the tempo in cycles per minute | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd").cpm(90)`} /> |
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| n | select sample number | <MiniRepl client:visible tune={`n("0 1 4 2").sound("jazz")`} /> |
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## Examples
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**Basic rock beat**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd sd, hh*4").bank("RolandTR505").cpm(100/2)`} punchcard />
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**Classic house**
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd*2, ~ cp, [~ hh]*2").bank("RolandTR909")`} punchcard />
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<Box>
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Notice that the two patterns are extremely similar.
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Certain drum patterns are reused across genres.
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</Box>
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We Will Rock you
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<MiniRepl client:visible tune={`sound("bd*2 cp").bank("RolandTR707").cpm(81/2)`} punchcard />
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**Yellow Magic Orchestra - Firecracker**
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound("bd sd, ~ ~ ~ hh ~ hh ~ ~, ~ perc ~ perc:1*2")
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.bank("RolandCompurhythm1000")`}
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punchcard
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/>
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**Imitation of a 16 step sequencer**
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound(\`
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[~ ~ oh ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ],
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[hh hh ~ ~ ] [hh ~ hh ~ ] [hh ~ hh ~ ] [hh ~ hh ~ ],
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[~ ~ ~ ~ ] [cp ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [cp ~ ~ ~ ],
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[bd ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ bd] [~ ~ bd ~ ] [~ ~ ~ bd]
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\`).cpm(90/4)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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**Another one**
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`sound(\`
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[~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ oh:1 ~ ],
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[hh hh hh hh] [hh hh hh hh] [hh hh hh hh] [hh hh ~ ~ ],
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[~ ~ ~ ~ ] [cp ~ ~ ~ ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ] [~ cp ~ ~ ],
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[bd bd ~ ~ ] [~ ~ bd ~ ] [bd bd ~ bd ] [~ ~ ~ ~ ]
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\`).bank("RolandTR808").cpm(88/4)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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**Not your average drums**
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<MiniRepl
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client:visible
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tune={`s(\`jazz*2,
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insect [crow metal] ~ ~,
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~ space:4 ~ space:1,
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~ wind\`)
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.cpm(100/2)`}
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punchcard
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/>
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Now that we know the basics of how to make beats, let's look at how we can play [notes](/workshop/first-notes)
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