2023-09-11 00:41:55 +02:00

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---
title: Synths
layout: ../../layouts/MainLayout.astro
---
import { MiniRepl } from '../../docs/MiniRepl';
import { JsDoc } from '../../docs/JsDoc';
# Synths
In addition to the sampling engine, strudel comes with a synthesizer to create sounds on the fly.
## Basic Waveforms
The basic waveforms are `sine`, `sawtooth`, `square` and `triangle`, which can be selected via `sound` (or `s`):
<MiniRepl
client:idle
tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>")
.sound("<sawtooth square triangle sine>")
.scope()`}
/>
If you don't set a `sound` but a `note` the default value for `sound` is `triangle`!
### Additive Synthesis
To tame the harsh sound of the basic waveforms, we can set the `n` control to limit the overtones of the waveform:
<MiniRepl
client:idle
tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>")
.sound("sawtooth")
.n("<32 16 8 4>")
.scope()`}
/>
When the `n` control is used on a basic waveform, it defines the number of harmonic partials the sound is getting.
You can also set `n` directly in mini notation with `sound`:
<MiniRepl
client:idle
tune={`note("c2 <eb2 <g2 g1>>")
.sound("sawtooth:<32 16 8 4>")
.scope()`}
/>
Note for tidal users: `n` in tidal is synonymous to `note` for synths only.
In strudel, this is not the case, where `n` will always change timbre, be it though different samples or different waveforms.
## FM Synthesis
FM Synthesis is a technique that changes the frequency of a basic waveform rapidly to alter the timbre.
You can use fm with any of the above waveforms, although the below examples all use the default triangle wave.
### fm
<JsDoc client:idle name="fm" h={0} />
### fmh
<JsDoc client:idle name="fmh" h={0} />
### fmattack
<JsDoc client:idle name="fmattack" h={0} />
### fmdecay
<JsDoc client:idle name="fmdecay" h={0} />
### fmsustain
<JsDoc client:idle name="fmsustain" h={0} />
### fmenv
<JsDoc client:idle name="fmenv" h={0} />
## Wavetable Synthesis
Strudel can also use the sampler to load custom waveforms as a replacement of the default waveforms used by WebAudio for the base synth. A default set of more than 1000 wavetables is accessible by default (coming from the [AKWF](https://www.adventurekid.se/akrt/waveforms/adventure-kid-waveforms/) set). You can also import/use your own. A wavetable is a one-cycle waveform, which is then repeated to create a sound at the desired frequency. It is a classic but very effective synthesis technique.
Any sample preceded by the `wt_` prefix will be loaded as a wavetable. This means that the `loop` argument will be set to `1` by defalt. You can scan over the wavetable by using `loopBegin` and `loopEnd` as well.
<MiniRepl
client:idle
tune={`samples('github:Bubobubobubobubo/Dough-Waveforms/main/');
note("<[g3,b3,e4]!2 [a3,c3,e4] [b3,d3,f#4]>")
.n("<1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10>/2").room(0.5).size(0.9)
.s('wt_flute').velocity(0.25).often(n => n.ply(2))
.release(0.125).decay("<0.1 0.25 0.3 0.4>").sustain(0)
.cutoff(2000).scope({}).cutoff("<1000 2000 4000>").fast(2)`}
/>
## ZZFX
The "Zuper Zmall Zound Zynth" [ZZFX](https://github.com/KilledByAPixel/ZzFX) is also integrated in strudel.
Developed by [Frank Force](https://frankforce.com/), it is a synth and FX engine originally intended to be used for size coding games.
It has 20 parameters in total, here is a snippet that uses all:
<MiniRepl
client:idle
tune={`note("<c2 eb2 f2 g2>") // also supports freq
.s("<z_sawtooth z_tan z_noise z_sine z_square>")
.zrand(0) // randomization
// zzfx envelope
.attack(0.001)
.decay(0.1)
.sustain(.8)
.release(.1)
// special zzfx params
.curve(1) // waveshape 1-3
.slide(0) // +/- pitch slide
.deltaSlide(0) // +/- pitch slide (?)
.noise(0) // make it dirty
.zmod(0) // fm speed
.zcrush(0) // bit crush 0 - 1
.zdelay(0) // simple delay
.pitchJump(0) // +/- pitch change after pitchJumpTime
.pitchJumpTime(0) // >0 time after pitchJump is applied
.lfo(0) // >0 resets slide + pitchJump + sets tremolo speed
.tremolo(0) // 0-1 lfo volume modulation amount
//.duration(.2) // overwrite strudel event duration
//.gain(1) // change volume
.scope() // vizualise waveform (not zzfx related)
`}
/>
Note that you can also combine zzfx with all the other audio fx (next chapter).
Next up: [Audio Effects](/learn/effects)...