diff --git a/packages/core/controls.mjs b/packages/core/controls.mjs
index 717a8353..c6dbc614 100644
--- a/packages/core/controls.mjs
+++ b/packages/core/controls.mjs
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@ const generic_params = [
    * @name fmh
    * @param {number | Pattern} harmonicity
    * @example
-   * note("c e g b").fm(4).fmh("<1 2 1.5 1.61>")
+   * note("c e g b")
+   * .fm(4)
+   * .fmh("<1 2 1.5 1.61>")
    *
    */
   [['fmh', 'fmi'], 'fmh'],
@@ -130,10 +132,67 @@ const generic_params = [
    * @param {number | Pattern} brightness modulation index
    * @synonyms fmi
    * @example
-   * note("c e g b").fm("<0 1 2 8 32>")
+   * note("c e g b")
+   * .fm("<0 1 2 8 32>")
    *
    */
   [['fmi', 'fmh'], 'fm'],
+  // fm envelope
+  /**
+   * Ramp type of fm envelope. Exp might be a bit broken..
+   *
+   * @name fmenv
+   * @param {number | Pattern} type lin | exp
+   * @example
+   * note("c e g b")
+   * .fm(4)
+   * .fmdecay(.2)
+   * .fmsustain(0)
+   * .fmenv("<exp lin>")
+   *
+   */
+  ['fmenv'],
+  /**
+   * Attack time for the FM envelope: time it takes to reach maximum modulation
+   *
+   * @name fmattack
+   * @param {number | Pattern} time attack time
+   * @example
+   * note("c e g b")
+   * .fm(4)
+   * .fmattack("<0 .05 .1 .2>")
+   *
+   */
+  ['fmattack'],
+  /**
+   * Decay time for the FM envelope: seconds until the sustain level is reached after the attack phase.
+   *
+   * @name fmdecay
+   * @param {number | Pattern} time decay time
+   * @example
+   * note("c e g b")
+   * .fm(4)
+   * .fmdecay("<.01 .05 .1 .2>")
+   * .fmsustain(.4)
+   *
+   */
+  ['fmdecay'],
+  /**
+   * Sustain level for the FM envelope: how much modulation is applied after the decay phase
+   *
+   * @name fmsustain
+   * @param {number | Pattern} level sustain level
+   * @example
+   * note("c e g b")
+   * .fm(4)
+   * .fmdecay(.1)
+   * .fmsustain("<1 .75 .5 0>")
+   *
+   */
+  ['fmsustain'],
+  // these are not really useful... skipping for now
+  ['fmrelease'],
+  ['fmvelocity'],
 
   /**
    * Select the sound bank to use. To be used together with `s`. The bank name (+ "_") will be prepended to the value of `s`.
diff --git a/packages/superdough/helpers.mjs b/packages/superdough/helpers.mjs
index 651fc85c..07e2b121 100644
--- a/packages/superdough/helpers.mjs
+++ b/packages/superdough/helpers.mjs
@@ -28,6 +28,22 @@ export const getEnvelope = (attack, decay, sustain, release, velocity, begin) =>
   };
 };
 
+export const getExpEnvelope = (attack, decay, sustain, release, velocity, begin) => {
+  sustain = Math.max(0.001, sustain);
+  velocity = Math.max(0.001, velocity);
+  const gainNode = getAudioContext().createGain();
+  gainNode.gain.setValueAtTime(0.0001, begin);
+  gainNode.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(velocity, begin + attack);
+  gainNode.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(sustain * velocity, begin + attack + decay);
+  return {
+    node: gainNode,
+    stop: (t) => {
+      // similar to getEnvelope, this will glitch if sustain level has not been reached
+      gainNode.gain.exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0.0001, t + release);
+    },
+  };
+};
+
 export const getADSR = (attack, decay, sustain, release, velocity, begin, end) => {
   const gainNode = getAudioContext().createGain();
   gainNode.gain.setValueAtTime(0, begin);
diff --git a/packages/superdough/synth.mjs b/packages/superdough/synth.mjs
index 9ad347e3..a409d990 100644
--- a/packages/superdough/synth.mjs
+++ b/packages/superdough/synth.mjs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { midiToFreq, noteToMidi } from './util.mjs';
 import { registerSound, getAudioContext } from './superdough.mjs';
-import { gainNode, getEnvelope } from './helpers.mjs';
+import { gainNode, getEnvelope, getExpEnvelope } from './helpers.mjs';
 
 const mod = (freq, range = 1, type = 'sine') => {
   const ctx = getAudioContext();
@@ -26,13 +26,20 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
       wave,
       (t, value, onended) => {
         // destructure adsr here, because the default should be different for synths and samples
-        const {
+        let {
           attack = 0.001,
           decay = 0.05,
           sustain = 0.6,
           release = 0.01,
           fmh: fmHarmonicity = 1,
           fmi: fmModulationIndex,
+          fmenv: fmEnvelopeType = 'lin',
+          fmattack: fmAttack,
+          fmdecay: fmDecay,
+          fmsustain: fmSustain,
+          fmrelease: fmRelease,
+          fmvelocity: fmVelocity,
+          fmwave: fmWaveform = 'sine',
         } = value;
         let { n, note, freq } = value;
         // with synths, n and note are the same thing
@@ -48,15 +55,37 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
         // make oscillator
         const { node: o, stop } = getOscillator({ t, s: wave, freq, partials: n });
 
-        let stopFm;
+        // FM + FM envelope
+        let stopFm, fmEnvelope;
         if (fmModulationIndex) {
-          const { node: modulator, stop } = fm(o, fmHarmonicity, fmModulationIndex);
-          modulator.connect(o.frequency);
+          const { node: modulator, stop } = fm(o, fmHarmonicity, fmModulationIndex, fmWaveform);
+          if (![fmAttack, fmDecay, fmSustain, fmRelease, fmVelocity].find((v) => v !== undefined)) {
+            // no envelope by default
+            modulator.connect(o.frequency);
+          } else {
+            fmAttack = fmAttack ?? 0.001;
+            fmDecay = fmDecay ?? 0.001;
+            fmSustain = fmSustain ?? 1;
+            fmRelease = fmRelease ?? 0.001;
+            fmVelocity = fmVelocity ?? 1;
+            fmEnvelope = getEnvelope(fmAttack, fmDecay, fmSustain, fmRelease, fmVelocity, t);
+            if (fmEnvelopeType === 'exp') {
+              fmEnvelope = getExpEnvelope(fmAttack, fmDecay, fmSustain, fmRelease, fmVelocity, t);
+              fmEnvelope.node.maxValue = fmModulationIndex * 2;
+              fmEnvelope.node.minValue = 0.00001;
+            }
+            modulator.connect(fmEnvelope.node);
+            fmEnvelope.node.connect(o.frequency);
+          }
           stopFm = stop;
         }
+
+        // turn down
         const g = gainNode(0.3);
-        // envelope
+
+        // gain envelope
         const { node: envelope, stop: releaseEnvelope } = getEnvelope(attack, decay, sustain, release, 1, t);
+
         o.onended = () => {
           o.disconnect();
           g.disconnect();
@@ -66,6 +95,7 @@ export function registerSynthSounds() {
           node: o.connect(g).connect(envelope),
           stop: (releaseTime) => {
             releaseEnvelope(releaseTime);
+            fmEnvelope?.stop(releaseTime);
             let end = releaseTime + release;
             stop(end);
             stopFm?.(end);
diff --git a/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap b/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
index ee937e2b..787bc461 100644
--- a/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
+++ b/test/__snapshots__/examples.test.mjs.snap
@@ -1825,6 +1825,69 @@ exports[`runs examples > example "fm" example index 0 1`] = `
 ]
 `;
 
+exports[`runs examples > example "fmattack" example index 0 1`] = `
+[
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmattack:0 ]",
+  "[ 1/4 → 1/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmattack:0 ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 3/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmattack:0 ]",
+  "[ 3/4 → 1/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmattack:0 ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 5/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmattack:0.05 ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 3/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmattack:0.05 ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 7/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmattack:0.05 ]",
+  "[ 7/4 → 2/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmattack:0.05 ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 9/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmattack:0.1 ]",
+  "[ 9/4 → 5/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmattack:0.1 ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 11/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmattack:0.1 ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmattack:0.1 ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmattack:0.2 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmattack:0.2 ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 15/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmattack:0.2 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmattack:0.2 ]",
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`runs examples > example "fmdecay" example index 0 1`] = `
+[
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.01 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/4 → 1/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.01 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 3/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.01 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/4 → 1/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.01 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 5/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.05 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 3/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.05 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 7/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.05 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 7/4 → 2/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.05 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 9/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 9/4 → 5/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 11/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 15/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0.4 ]",
+]
+`;
+
+exports[`runs examples > example "fmenv" example index 0 1`] = `
+[
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 1/4 → 1/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 3/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 3/4 → 1/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 5/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 3/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 7/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 7/4 → 2/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 9/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 9/4 → 5/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 11/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:exp ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 15/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.2 fmsustain:0 fmenv:lin ]",
+]
+`;
+
 exports[`runs examples > example "fmh" example index 0 1`] = `
 [
   "[ 0/1 → 1/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmh:1 ]",
@@ -1846,6 +1909,27 @@ exports[`runs examples > example "fmh" example index 0 1`] = `
 ]
 `;
 
+exports[`runs examples > example "fmsustain" example index 0 1`] = `
+[
+  "[ 0/1 → 1/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:1 ]",
+  "[ 1/4 → 1/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:1 ]",
+  "[ 1/2 → 3/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:1 ]",
+  "[ 3/4 → 1/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:1 ]",
+  "[ 1/1 → 5/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.75 ]",
+  "[ 5/4 → 3/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.75 ]",
+  "[ 3/2 → 7/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.75 ]",
+  "[ 7/4 → 2/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.75 ]",
+  "[ 2/1 → 9/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 9/4 → 5/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 5/2 → 11/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 11/4 → 3/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0.5 ]",
+  "[ 3/1 → 13/4 | note:c fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0 ]",
+  "[ 13/4 → 7/2 | note:e fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0 ]",
+  "[ 7/2 → 15/4 | note:g fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0 ]",
+  "[ 15/4 → 4/1 | note:b fmi:4 fmdecay:0.1 fmsustain:0 ]",
+]
+`;
+
 exports[`runs examples > example "focus" example index 0 1`] = `
 [
   "[ 0/1 → 1/8 | s:sd ]",
diff --git a/website/src/pages/learn/synths.mdx b/website/src/pages/learn/synths.mdx
index 6ebf2613..9c515752 100644
--- a/website/src/pages/learn/synths.mdx
+++ b/website/src/pages/learn/synths.mdx
@@ -38,4 +38,20 @@ Now we not only pattern the notes, but the sound as well!
 
 <JsDoc client:idle name="fmh" h={0} />
 
+### fmattack
+
+<JsDoc client:idle name="fmattack" h={0} />
+
+### fmdecay
+
+<JsDoc client:idle name="fmdecay" h={0} />
+
+### fmsustain
+
+<JsDoc client:idle name="fmsustain" h={0} />
+
+### fmenv
+
+<JsDoc client:idle name="fmenv" h={0} />
+
 Next up: [Audio Effects](/learn/effects)...