diff --git a/website/src/repl/Repl.jsx b/website/src/repl/Repl.jsx
index 384e78d3..1c45c47f 100644
--- a/website/src/repl/Repl.jsx
+++ b/website/src/repl/Repl.jsx
@@ -16,18 +16,19 @@ import {
   setActivePattern,
   setLatestCode,
   settingsMap,
-  updateUserCode,
   useSettings,
   getViewingPattern,
   setViewingPattern,
-  getNextCloneName,
+  createPatternID,
+  userPattern,
+  examplePattern,
+  getNextCloneID,
 } from '../settings.mjs';
 import { Header } from './Header';
 import Loader from './Loader';
 import { Panel } from './panel/Panel';
 import { useStore } from '@nanostores/react';
 import { prebake } from './prebake.mjs';
-import * as tunes from './tunes.mjs';
 import { getRandomTune, initCode, loadModules, shareCode } from './util.mjs';
 import PlayCircleIcon from '@heroicons/react/20/solid/PlayCircleIcon';
 import './Repl.css';
@@ -76,22 +77,26 @@ export function Repl({ embedded = false }) {
       },
       afterEval: ({ code }) => {
         setLatestCode(code);
-        let pattern = getViewingPattern();
+        const data = { code };
+        let id = getViewingPattern();
         window.location.hash = '#' + code2hash(code);
-        const isExamplePattern = !!tunes[pattern];
+        const examplePatternData = examplePattern.getPatternData(id);
+        const isExamplePattern = examplePatternData != null;
 
         if (isExamplePattern) {
-          const codeHasChanged = code !== tunes[pattern];
+          const codeHasChanged = code !== examplePatternData.code;
           if (codeHasChanged) {
             // fork example
-            pattern = getNextCloneName(pattern);
-            setViewingPattern(pattern);
-            updateUserCode(pattern, code);
+            id = getNextCloneID(id);
+            setViewingPattern(id);
+            userPattern.update(id, data);
           }
-          setActivePattern(pattern);
+          setActivePattern(id);
         } else {
-          setActivePattern(pattern);
-          updateUserCode(pattern, code);
+          id = id == null ? createPatternID() : id;
+          setActivePattern(id);
+          setViewingPattern(id);
+          userPattern.update(id, data);
         }
       },
       bgFill: false,
@@ -159,21 +164,25 @@ export function Repl({ embedded = false }) {
 
   // payload = {reset?: boolean, code?: string, evaluate?: boolean, pattern?: string }
   const handleUpdate = async (payload) => {
-    const { reset = false, code = null, evaluate = true, pattern = null } = payload;
+    const { id, code } = payload;
+    setViewingPattern(id);
+    editorRef.current.setCode(code);
 
-    if (reset) {
-      clearCanvas();
-      resetLoadedSounds();
-      editorRef.current.repl.setCps(1);
-      await prebake(); // declare default samples
-    }
-    if (code != null && pattern != null) {
-      editorRef.current.setCode(code);
-      setViewingPattern(pattern);
-    }
-    if (evaluate) {
-      editorRef.current.evaluate();
-    }
+    // const { reset = false, code = null, evaluate = true, pattern = null } = payload;
+
+    // if (reset) {
+    //   clearCanvas();
+    //   resetLoadedSounds();
+    //   editorRef.current.repl.setCps(1);
+    //   await prebake(); // declare default samples
+    // }
+    // if (code != null && pattern != null) {
+    //   setViewingPattern(pattern);
+    //   editorRef.current.setCode(code);
+    // }
+    // if (evaluate) {
+    //   editorRef.current.evaluate();
+    // }
   };
   const handleShuffle = async () => {
     // window.postMessage('strudel-shuffle');
diff --git a/website/src/repl/panel/PatternsTab.jsx b/website/src/repl/panel/PatternsTab.jsx
index 70a581ad..d8ce363e 100644
--- a/website/src/repl/panel/PatternsTab.jsx
+++ b/website/src/repl/panel/PatternsTab.jsx
@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
 import { DocumentDuplicateIcon, PencilSquareIcon, TrashIcon } from '@heroicons/react/20/solid';
 
 import {
-  clearUserPatterns,
-  deletePattern,
-  createDuplicatePattern,
   exportPatterns,
-  addUserPattern,
   importPatterns,
-  createNewUserPattern,
-  renamePattern,
   useActivePattern,
   useViewingPattern,
   useSettings,
+  userPattern,
+  examplePattern,
 } from '../../settings.mjs';
-import * as tunes from '../tunes.mjs';
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
 
 function classNames(...classes) {
   return classes.filter(Boolean).join(' ');
@@ -34,16 +30,16 @@ function PatternButton({ showOutline, onClick, label, showHiglight }) {
   );
 }
 
-function PatternButtons({ patterns, activePattern, onClick, viewingPattern }) {
+function PatternButtons({ patterns, activePattern, onClick, viewingPattern, isExample = false }) {
   return (
     <div className="font-mono text-sm">
-      {Object.entries(patterns).map(([key, data]) => (
+      {Object.entries(patterns).map(([id]) => (
         <PatternButton
-          key={key}
-          label={key}
-          showHiglight={key === viewingPattern}
-          showOutline={key === activePattern}
-          onClick={() => onClick(key, data)}
+          key={id}
+          label={id}
+          showHiglight={id === viewingPattern}
+          showOutline={id === activePattern}
+          onClick={() => onClick(id, isExample)}
         />
       ))}
     </div>
@@ -52,20 +48,20 @@ function PatternButtons({ patterns, activePattern, onClick, viewingPattern }) {
 
 export function PatternsTab({ context }) {
   const { userPatterns } = useSettings();
+  const examplePatterns = useMemo(() => examplePattern.getAll(), []);
   const activePattern = useActivePattern();
   const viewingPattern = useViewingPattern();
-  const onPatternClick = (pattern, data) => {
+
+  const updateCodeWindow = (id, code) => {
+    context.handleUpdate({ code, id, evaluate: false });
+  };
+  const onPatternBtnClick = (id, isExample) => {
+    const code = isExample ? examplePatterns[id].code : userPatterns[id].code;
+
     // display selected pattern code in the window
-    context.handleUpdate({ pattern, code: data.code, evaluate: false });
+    updateCodeWindow(id, code);
   };
 
-  const addPattern = ({ pattern, code }) => {
-    addUserPattern(pattern, { code });
-    context.handleUpdate({ code, pattern, evaluate: false });
-  };
-
-  const examplePatterns = {};
-  Object.entries(tunes).forEach(([key, code]) => (examplePatterns[key] = { code }));
   const isExample = examplePatterns[viewingPattern] != null;
   return (
     <div className="px-4 w-full dark:text-white text-stone-900 space-y-4 pb-4">
@@ -75,14 +71,27 @@ export function PatternsTab({ context }) {
             <h1 className="text-xl">{viewingPattern}</h1>
             <div className="space-x-4 flex w-min">
               {!isExample && (
-                <button className="hover:opacity-50" onClick={() => renamePattern(viewingPattern)} title="Rename">
+                <button
+                  className="hover:opacity-50"
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    const { id, data } = userPattern.rename(viewingPattern);
+                    updateCodeWindow(id, data.code);
+                  }}
+                  title="Rename"
+                >
                   <PencilSquareIcon className="w-5 h-5" />
                   {/* <PencilIcon className="w-5 h-5" /> */}
                 </button>
               )}
               <button
                 className="hover:opacity-50"
-                onClick={() => addPattern(createDuplicatePattern(viewingPattern))}
+                onClick={() => {
+                  const { id, data } = userPattern.duplicate(
+                    viewingPattern,
+                    userPatterns[viewingPattern]?.code ?? examplePatterns[viewingPattern]?.code,
+                  );
+                  updateCodeWindow(id, data.code);
+                }}
                 title="Duplicate"
               >
                 <DocumentDuplicateIcon className="w-5 h-5" />
@@ -91,8 +100,9 @@ export function PatternsTab({ context }) {
                 <button
                   className="hover:opacity-50"
                   onClick={() => {
-                    const { code, pattern } = deletePattern(viewingPattern);
-                    context.handleUpdate({ code, pattern, evaluate: false });
+                    const { id, data } = userPattern.delete(viewingPattern);
+                    console.log({ id, data });
+                    updateCodeWindow(id, data.code);
                   }}
                   title="Delete"
                 >
@@ -103,7 +113,7 @@ export function PatternsTab({ context }) {
           </div>
         )}
         <PatternButtons
-          onClick={onPatternClick}
+          onClick={onPatternBtnClick}
           patterns={userPatterns}
           activePattern={activePattern}
           viewingPattern={viewingPattern}
@@ -112,12 +122,19 @@ export function PatternsTab({ context }) {
           <button
             className="hover:opacity-50"
             onClick={() => {
-              addPattern(createNewUserPattern());
+              const { id, data } = userPattern.create();
+              updateCodeWindow(id, data.code);
             }}
           >
             new
           </button>
-          <button className="hover:opacity-50" onClick={() => clearUserPatterns()}>
+          <button
+            className="hover:opacity-50"
+            onClick={() => {
+              const { id, data } = userPattern.clearAll();
+              updateCodeWindow(id, data.code);
+            }}
+          >
             clear
           </button>
           <label className="hover:opacity-50 cursor-pointer">
@@ -138,7 +155,8 @@ export function PatternsTab({ context }) {
       <section>
         <h2 className="text-xl mb-2">Examples</h2>
         <PatternButtons
-          onClick={onPatternClick}
+          isExample={true}
+          onClick={onPatternBtnClick}
           patterns={examplePatterns}
           activePattern={activePattern}
           viewingPattern={viewingPattern}
diff --git a/website/src/settings.mjs b/website/src/settings.mjs
index 2333d4a6..6edf24e2 100644
--- a/website/src/settings.mjs
+++ b/website/src/settings.mjs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useStore } from '@nanostores/react';
 import { register } from '@strudel.cycles/core';
 import { defaultAudioDeviceName } from './repl/panel/AudioDeviceSelector';
 import { logger } from '@strudel.cycles/core';
+import * as tunes from './repl/tunes.mjs';
 
 export const defaultSettings = {
   activeFooter: 'intro',
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ export const defaultSettings = {
 
 export const settingsMap = persistentMap('strudel-settings', defaultSettings);
 
+const defaultCode = '';
 //pattern that the use is currently viewing in the window
 const $viewingPattern = persistentAtom('viewingPattern', '', { listen: false });
 export function setViewingPattern(key) {
@@ -54,7 +56,9 @@ export function useActivePattern() {
 export function initUserCode(code) {
   const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
   const match = Object.entries(userPatterns).find(([_, pat]) => pat.code === code);
-  setActivePattern(match?.[0] || '');
+  const id = match?.[0] || '';
+  setActivePattern(id);
+  setViewingPattern(id);
 }
 
 export function useSettings() {
@@ -105,128 +109,116 @@ function getSetting(key) {
 }
 
 export function setUserPatterns(obj) {
-  settingsMap.setKey('userPatterns', JSON.stringify(obj));
+  return settingsMap.setKey('userPatterns', JSON.stringify(obj));
 }
 
-export function addUserPattern(name, config) {
-  if (typeof config !== 'object') {
-    throw new Error('addUserPattern expected object as second param');
-  }
-  if (!config.code) {
-    throw new Error('addUserPattern expected code as property of second param');
-  }
-  const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
-  setUserPatterns({ ...userPatterns, [name]: config });
-}
-
-export function createNewUserPattern() {
+export const createPatternID = () => {
   const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
   const date = new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0];
   const todays = Object.entries(userPatterns).filter(([name]) => name.startsWith(date));
   const num = String(todays.length + 1).padStart(3, '0');
-  const pattern = date + '_' + num;
-  const code = 's("hh")';
-  return { pattern, code };
-}
+  const id = date + '_' + num;
+  return id;
+};
 
-export function clearUserPatterns() {
-  if (!confirm(`This will delete all your patterns. Are you really sure?`)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  setUserPatterns({});
-}
-
-export function getNextCloneName(key) {
-  const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
-  const clones = Object.entries(userPatterns).filter(([name]) => name.startsWith(key));
+export const getNextCloneID = (id) => {
+  const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+  const clones = Object.entries(userPatterns).filter(([patID]) => patID.startsWith(id));
   const num = String(clones.length + 1).padStart(3, '0');
-  return key + '_' + num;
-}
+  const newID = id + '_' + num;
+  return newID;
+};
 
-export function getUserPattern(key) {
-  const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
-  return userPatterns[key];
-}
+export const examplePattern = {
+  getAll() {
+    const examplePatterns = {};
+    Object.entries(tunes).forEach(([key, code]) => (examplePatterns[key] = { code }));
+    return examplePatterns;
+  },
+  getPatternData(id) {
+    const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+    return userPatterns[id];
+  },
+};
 
-export function renamePattern(pattern) {
-  let userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
-  if (!userPatterns[pattern]) {
-    alert('Cannot rename examples');
-    return;
-  }
-  const newName = prompt('Enter new name', pattern);
-  if (newName === null) {
-    // canceled
-    return;
-  }
-  if (userPatterns[newName]) {
-    alert('Name already taken!');
-    return;
-  }
-  userPatterns[newName] = userPatterns[pattern]; // copy code
-  delete userPatterns[pattern];
-  setUserPatterns({ ...userPatterns });
-  setViewingPattern(newName);
-}
+export const userPattern = {
+  getAll() {
+    return JSON.parse(settingsMap.get().userPatterns);
+  },
+  getPatternData(id) {
+    const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+    return userPatterns[id];
+  },
+  exists(id) {
+    const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+    return userPatterns[id] != null;
+  },
+  create() {
+    const newID = createPatternID();
+    const code = defaultCode;
+    const data = { code };
+    this.update(newID, data);
+    return { id: newID, data };
+  },
+  update(id, data) {
+    const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+    setUserPatterns({ ...userPatterns, [id]: data });
+  },
+  duplicate(id, data) {
+    const newID = getNextCloneID(id);
+    this.update(newID, data);
+    return { id: newID, data };
+  },
+  clearAll() {
+    if (!confirm(`This will delete all your patterns. Are you really sure?`)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const viewingPattern = getViewingPattern();
+    const examplePatternData = examplePattern.getPatternData(viewingPattern);
+    setUserPatterns({});
+    if (examplePatternData != null) {
+      return { id: viewingPattern, data: examplePatternData };
+    }
+    setViewingPattern(null);
+    setActivePattern(null);
+    return { id: null, data: { code: '' } };
+  },
+  delete(id) {
+    const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+    const updatedPatterns = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(userPatterns).filter(([key]) => key !== id));
+    if (getActivePattern() === id) {
+      setActivePattern(null);
+    }
+    setUserPatterns(updatedPatterns);
+    const viewingPattern = getViewingPattern();
+    if (viewingPattern === id) {
+      return this.create();
+    }
+    return { id: viewingPattern, data: updatedPatterns[id] };
+  },
 
-export function updateUserCode(pattern, code) {
-  const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
-  setUserPatterns({ ...userPatterns, [pattern]: { code } });
-}
+  rename(id) {
+    const userPatterns = this.getAll();
+    const newID = prompt('Enter new name', id);
+    if (newID === null) {
+      // canceled
+      return;
+    }
+    if (userPatterns[newID]) {
+      alert('Name already taken!');
+      return;
+    }
+    const data = userPatterns[id];
+    userPatterns[newID] = data; // copy code
+    delete userPatterns[id];
 
-export function deletePattern(pattern) {
-  if (!pattern) {
-    console.warn('cannot delete: no pattern selected');
-    return;
-  }
-  const userPatterns = getUserPatterns();
-  if (!userPatterns[pattern]) {
-    alert('Cannot delete examples');
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!confirm(`Really delete the selected pattern "${pattern}"?`)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  // const updatedPatterns = Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(userPatterns).filter(([key]) => key !== pattern));
-  let patternsArray = Object.entries(userPatterns).sort((a, b) => a[0].localeCompare(b[0]));
-  const deleteIndex = patternsArray.findIndex(([key]) => key === pattern);
-  patternsArray.splice(deleteIndex, 1);
-  const updatedPatterns = Object.fromEntries(patternsArray);
-
-  setUserPatterns(updatedPatterns);
-
-  //create new pattern if no other patterns
-  if (!patternsArray.length) {
-    return createNewUserPattern();
-  }
-  // // or default to active pattern
-  // const activePatternID = getActivePattern();
-  // const activePatternData = updatedPatterns[activePatternID];
-  // if (activePatternData?.code != null) {
-  //   return { pattern: activePatternID, code: activePatternData.code };
-  // }
-  // or find pattern at next index
-
-  const next = patternsArray[deleteIndex];
-  if (next != null) {
-    const [pat, data] = next;
-    return { pattern: pat, code: data.code };
-  }
-  // or find pattern at previous index
-  const previous = patternsArray[deleteIndex - 1];
-  const [pat, data] = previous;
-  return { patttern: pat, code: data.code };
-}
-
-export function createDuplicatePattern(pattern) {
-  let latestCode = getSetting('latestCode');
-  if (!pattern) {
-    console.warn('cannot duplicate: no pattern selected');
-    return;
-  }
-  const newPattern = getNextCloneName(pattern);
-  return { pattern: newPattern, code: latestCode };
-}
+    setUserPatterns({ ...userPatterns });
+    if (id === getActivePattern()) {
+      setActivePattern(newID);
+    }
+    return { id: newID, data };
+  },
+};
 
 export async function importPatterns(fileList) {
   const files = Array.from(fileList);
@@ -237,8 +229,8 @@ export async function importPatterns(fileList) {
         const userPatterns = getUserPatterns() || {};
         setUserPatterns({ ...userPatterns, ...JSON.parse(content) });
       } else if (file.type === 'text/plain') {
-        const name = file.name.replace(/\.[^/.]+$/, '');
-        addUserPattern(name, { code: content });
+        const id = file.name.replace(/\.[^/.]+$/, '');
+        userPattern.update(id, { code: content });
       }
     }),
   );